September was particularly hot in Europe

September 2023 was the warmest September on record globally, with an average surface air temperature of 16.38°C, 0.93°C above the 1991-2020 average for September and 0.5°C above the temperature of the previous warmest September, in 2020. Its global temperature anomaly was more positive than any single month of any year in the ERA5 dataset.

The month as a whole was around 1.75°C warmer than an estimate of the September average for 1850-1900, the designated pre-industrial reference period.

The average global temperature for the first nine months of 2023 (January–September) is 0.52°C higher than the corresponding 1991-2020 average, and 0.05°C higher than the nine-month average for 2016, currently the warmest calendar year on record. For the calendar year to date, January to September, the global mean temperature for 2023 is 1.40°C higher than the 1850-1900 preindustrial average.

September 2023 was also the warmest September on record for the European continent, at 2.51°C higher than the 1991-2020 average, and 1.1°C higher than 2020, the previous warmest September. The average sea surface temperature for September over 60°S–60°N reached 20.92°C, the highest on record for September and the second highest across all months, behind August 2023. El Niño conditions continued to develop over the equatorial eastern Pacific.

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